Phone Parser and Formatter

Parses a phone number into its E.164 calling code + national number and identifies the likely country. Covers ~70 common ITU calling codes — it does not validate per-country number-length or area-code rules the way a full library (e.g. libphonenumber) would, so treat "valid E.164 shape" as a structural check, not a guarantee the number is real or reachable.